Human Health and Diseases: NEET MCQ Questions [100+ Solved]

Below are the NEET MCQ questions on Class 12 Biology Chapter “Human Health & Diseases” based on the NCERT textbook. Solve the below free NEET mock test for a better understanding of the various topics. 100+ important MCQs (multiple choice questions) are given in this NEET question bank.

“Human Health & Diseases” is the 8th chapter in the unit “Biology in Human Welfare” of class XII or class 12th Biology NCERT. Do note that NEET (which is conducted by NTA) is based on NCERT textbooks so they are a must-have. You can also download PDFs of NCERT textbooks.

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What causes malignant tertian malaria?
(a) P. vivax
(b) P. malariae
(c) P. ovale
(d) P. falciparum

(d) P. falciparum

What is the protein coat and genetic material present in HIV?
(a) ss RNA
(b) ds RNA
(c) ss DNA
(d) ds DNA

(a) ss RNA

Why is Cyclosporine used?
(a) For allergy
(b) As immunosuppressant
(c) Prophylactic for virus
(d) None of the above

(b) As immunosuppressant

Foreign cells are lysed by?
(a) IgM
(b) IgA
(c) IgE
(d) IgM & IgG

Gambusia fish have been introduced to lakes and ponds in India to control a deadly disease. They consume larva of?
(a) nepenthes
(b) anopheles
(c) dragonfly
(d) house-fly

(b) anopheles

What is an anti-viral substance?
(a) antigen
(b) antibody
(c) interferon
(d) antibiotic

The malarial parasite that has the longest incubation period is?
(a) Plasmodium vivax
(b) Plasmodium falciparum
(c) Plasmodium malariae
(d) Plasmodium ovale

Colostrum secreted from the mammary gland contains which type of antibodies?
(a) IgM
(b) IgD
(c) IgE
(d) IgA

(d) IgA

What is the function of antigen?
(a) lowers body temperature
(b) kills harmful bacteria
(c) triggers the immune system
(d) is used as an antidote to the poison

In a primary immune response to an antigen, which of the following is a pentameric immunoglobulin?
(a) IgG
(b) IgM
(c) IgA
(d) IgE

(b) IgM

What happens to cattle fed with spoilt hay to sweet clover which contains dicumarol?
(a) are healthier due to a good diet
(b) catch infections easily
(c) may suffer vitamin K deficiency and prolonged bleeding
(d) may suffer from beri-beri due to deficiency of vitamin-B

By the chronic intake of what is Cirrhosis of the liver caused?
(a) Opium
(b) Alcohol
(c) Tobacco (Chewing)
(d) Cocaine

(b) Alcohol

A snake bite is treated with antivenom. This is an example of
(a) artificially acquired active immunity
(b) artificially acquired passive immunity
(c) naturally acquired passive immunity
(d) specific natural immunity

(b) artificially acquired passive immunity

Electron beam therapy works as a form of radiation therapy to treat?
(a) enlarged prostate gland
(b) gall bladder stones by breaking them
(c) certain types of cancer
(d) kidney stones

A young drug addict often showed signs of depressed brain activity, feelings of calmness, relaxation, and drowsiness. What can he possibly be taking?
(a) Amphetamine
(b) Marijuana
(c) Pethidine
(d) Valium

(d) Valium

What are opiate narcotic drugs?
(a) Antianxiety
(b) Analgesic
(c) Hypnotic
(d) Antihistamine

(b) Analgesic

Which drug increases cardiovascular effects in humans?
(a) Cocaine
(b) Barbiturate
(c) Benzodiazepine
(d) Insulin

(a) Cocaine

How is opium obtained?
(a) Oryza sativa
(b) Coffea arabica
(c) Thea Sinensis
(d) Papaver somniferum

(d) Papaver somniferum

Pair the bacteria with the diseases
Column-I Column-II
A. Treponema pallidum I. Plague
B. Yersinia pestis II. Anthrax
C. Bacillus anthracis III. Syphilis
D. Vibrio IV. Cholera

(a) A – III; B – I; C – II; D – IV
(b) A – IV; B – I; C – II; D – III
(c) A – III; B – II; C – I; D – IV
(d) A – I; B – III; C – II; D – IV

(a) A – III; B – I; C – II; D – IV

Which of the following is the right match?
(a) Bhang – Analgesic
(b) Cocaine – Opiate narcotics
(c) Morphine – Hallucinogen
(d) Barbiturate – Tranquiliser

(d) Barbiturate – Tranquiliser

What is an autoimmune disorder?
(a) Myasthenia gravis
(b) Osteoporosis
(c) Muscular dystrophy
(d) Gout

(a) Myasthenia gravis

The principle of antigen-antibody interaction refers to which of the following?
(a) PCR
(b) ELISA
(c) rDNA technology
(d) RNA

(b) ELISA

The reason why antibiotics do not cure common cold is as it is
(a) caused by a virus
(b) caused by a Gram-positive bacterium
(c) caused by a Gram-negative bacterium
(d) not an infectious disease

(a) caused by a virus

Which of the following statements is true about diseases and immunisation?
(a) If due to some reason, B-and T-lymphocytes are damaged, the body will not produce antibodies against a pathogen
(b) Injection of dead / inactivated pathogens causes passive immunity
(c) Certain protozoans have been used to mass-produce hepatitis B vaccine
(d) Injection of snake antivenom against snake bite is an example of active immunisation

(a) If due to some reason, B-and T-lymphocytes are damaged, the body will not produce antibodies against a pathogen

While harmful in itself, which of the following conditions can also protect against a mosquito-borne infectious disease?
(a) Leukemia
(b) Thalassemia
(c) Sickle cell anaemia
(d) Pernicious anaemia

Which one is odd?
(a) Rabies, Influenza, AIDS
(b) Amoebiasis, Giardiasis, Trypanosomiasis
(c) Taeniasis, Ascariasis, Elephantiasis
(d) Cancer, Tuberculosis, Tetanus

(d) Cancer, Tuberculosis, Tetanus

Sexually transmitted diseases include which of the following?
(a) Q fever
(b) Leprosy
(c) Whooping cough
(d) Gonorrhoea

(d) Gonorrhoea

The vector of Aedes aegypti is?
(a) Both dengue and yellow fever
(b) Dengue fever
(c) Yellow fever
(d) Japanese encephalitis

(a) Both dengue and yellow fever

What are vaccines?
(a) treated bacteria or viruses or one of their proteins
(b) MHC (major histocompatibility complex) proteins
(c) curative medicines
(d) monoclonal antibodies

(a) treated bacteria or viruses or one of their proteins

Proteins inhibiting viral multiplication, produced by vertebrate cells in response to viral infections are referred to as?
(a) Lipoproteins
(b) Immuglobulins
(c) Interferons
(d) Antitoxins

Which of the following acts as a physiological barrier against microorganisms entering the body?
(a) Epithelium of the urogenital tract
(b) Tears
(c) Monocytes
(d) Skin

(d) Skin

In the true sense, which of the following is a parasite?
(a) The female Anopheles bites and sucks blood from humans
(b) Human foetus developing inside the uterus draws nourishment from the mother
(c) Head louse living on the human scalp as well as laying eggs on human hair
(d) The cuckoo (koel) lays its eggs in the crow’s nest

When does one usually begin to develop symptoms of AIDS after being infected with HIV?
(a) When the infecting retrovirus enters host cells
(b) When viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase
(c) When HIV replicates rapidly in helper T-lymphocytes and damages a large number of these
(d) Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person

Where will you find the malaria parasite’s sporozoites?
(a) Saliva of infected female Anopheles mosquito
(b) Red blood corpuscles of humans suffering from malaria
(c) Spleen of infected humans
(d) Salivary glands of freshly moulted female Anopheles mosquito

(a) Saliva of infected female Anopheles mosquito

Identify a pair of viral diseases listed below.
(a) Common cold, AIDS
(b) Dysentery, common cold
(c) Typhoid, tuberculosis
(d) Ringworm, AIDS

(a) Common cold, AIDS

What type of barrier does saliva in the mouth and tears from the eyes belong to under innate immunity?
(a) Cytokine barriers
(b) Cellular barriers
(c) Physiological barriers
(d) Physical barriers

What does T stand for in T lymphocyte?
(a) Thalamus
(b) Tonsil
(c) Thymus
(d) Thyroid

What is a pair of viral diseases?
(a) Common cold, AIDS
(b) Dysentery, common cold
(c) Typhoid, tuberculosis
(d) Ringworm, AIDS

(a) Common cold, AIDS

Pick the correct match
(a) Reserpine – Tranquilizer
(b) Cocaine – Opiate narcotic
(c) Morphine – Hallucinogenic
(d) Bhang – Analgesic

(a) Reserpine – Tranquilizer

Among the following, which is the most infectious disease?
(a) Hepatitis – B
(b) AIDS
(c) Amoebiosis
(d) Malaria

(a) Hepatitis – B

What are B lymphocytes primarily involved in?
(a) humoral immunity
(b) autoimmune disorders
(c) graft rejection
(d) cell-mediated immunity

(a) humoral immunity

Why are patients with HIV susceptible to a variety of infections?
(a) the virus produces cell surface receptors that bind to pathogens, making it easier for those pathogens to be infective.
(b) synthesizing a DNA copy of the viral genome makes a person fell sick.
(c) HIV attacks and destroys the T helper cells, which are central to mounting an effective immune response, making those individuals more susceptible to other infections.
(d) HIV destroys B cells so that antibodies cannot be made in response to invading pathogens.

(c) HIV attacks and destroys the T helper cells, which are central to mounting an effective immune response, making those individuals more susceptible to other infections.

As a result of marijuana consumption, a person experiences illusions and changes their perceptions, feelings, and thoughts. Marijuana is
(a) narcotic
(b) stimulant
(c) hallucinogen
(d) sedative

From the plant of which family is “Heroin” obtained?
(a) Leguminosae
(b) Papaveraceae
(c) Liliaceae
(d) Solanaceae

(b) Papaveraceae

Brown sugar is a common name for?
(a) LSD
(b) Hashish
(c) Heroin
(d) Barbiturates

The liver gets damaged in persons addicted to alcohol because it?
(a) has to detoxify the alcohol
(b) stores excess glycogen
(c) is overstimulated to secrete more bile
(d) accumulates an excess of fat

(a) has to detoxify the alcohol

High concentrations of alcohol cause painful inflammation of the stomach lining that’s called?
(a) epilepsy
(b) neurosis
(c) psychosis
(d) gastritis

(d) gastritis

Which of the following does not match a drug and its category?
(a) Amphetamines – stimulant
(b) Lysergic acid – narcotic dimethyl amide
(c) Heroin – psychotropic
(d) Benzodiazepam – pain killer

(d) Benzodiazepam – pain killer

The term ‘Health’ has many meanings. What is the most accurate definition of health?
(a) health is the state of body and mind in a balanced condition
(b) health is the reflection of a smiling face
(c) health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
(d) health is the symbol of economic prosperity.

The organisms that cause disease in plants and animals are called?
(a) pathogens
(b) vectors
(c) insects
(d) worms

(a) pathogens

Typhoid is diagnosed using which chemical test?
(a) ELISA test
(b) ESR test
(c) PCR test
(d) Widal test

(d) Widal test

Diseases can be broadly classified into infectious and noninfectious diseases. Identify the infectious diseases in the following list.
I. Cancer
II. Influenza
III. Allergy
IV. Smallpox

(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) III and IV
(d) II and IV

(d) II and IV

When a female Anopheles mosquito bites a person, where are the sporozoites, that cause infection, formed?
(a) liver of human
(b) RBCs of mosquito
(c) salivary glands of the mosquito
(d) intestine of human

How is chikungunya transmitted?
(a) house flies
(b) Aedes mosquitoes
(c) cockroach
(d) female Anopheles

(b) Aedes mosquitoes

Patients can be diagnosed by observing their symptoms. Which group of symptoms indicate pneumonia?
(a) Difficulty in respiration, fever, chills, cough and headache
(b) Constipation, abdominal pain, cramps and blood clots
(c) Nasal congestion and discharge, cough, sore throat and headache.
(d) High fever, weakness, stomach pain, loss of appetite and constipation.

(b) Constipation, abdominal pain, cramps and blood clots

Which genes cause cancer?
(a) structural genes
(b) expressor genes
(c) oncogenes
(d) regulatory genes

The cells proliferate in malignant tumours, grow rapidly and move to other parts of the body to form new tumours. What is this stage of the disease known as?
(a) metagenesis
(b) metastasis
(c) teratogenesis
(d) mitosis

(b) metastasis

What is an antibody?
(a) component of blood
(b) secretion of mammalian erythrocyte
(c) molecule that specifically inactivates
(d) White corpuscle

What is cancer of the blood called?
(a) Leukemia
(b) Lymphoma
(c) Sarcoma
(d) Hybridoma

(a) Leukemia

Asthma attacks are more common in certain seasons due to?
(a) eating fruits preserved in tin containers
(b) inhalation of seasonal pollen
(c) low temperature
(d) hot and humid environment

(b) inhalation of seasonal pollen

In relation to the particular psychotropic drug specified, which is the correct statement?
(a) Hashish causes after thought perceptions and hallucinations
(b) Opium stimulates the nervous system and causes hallucinations
(c) Morphine leads to delusions and disturbing emotions
(d) Barbiturates cause relaxation and temporary euphoria

(a) Hashish causes after thought perceptions and hallucinations

Which statement is true?
(a) Benign tumours show the property of metastasis
(b) Heroin accelerates body functions
(c) Malignant tumours may exhibit metastasis
(d) Patients who have undergone surgery are given cannabinoids to relieve pain

Which of the following statements is true?
(a) Barbiturates when given to criminals make them tell the truth
(b) Morphine is often given to persons who have undergone surgery as a pain killer
(c) Chewing tobacco lowers blood pressure and heart rate
(d) Cocaine is given to patients after surgery as it stimulates recovery

(b) Morphine is often given to persons who have undergone surgery as a pain killer

Which of the following statements is true about AIDS?
(a) The HIV can be transmitted through eating food together with an infected person
(b) Drug addicts are least susceptible to HIV infection.
(c) AIDS patients are being fully cured with proper care and nutrition
(d) The causative HIV retrovirus enters helper T – lymphocytes thus reducing their numbers

(d) The causative HIV retrovirus enters helper T – lymphocytes thus reducing their numbers

Where will you look for the malarial parasite’s sporozoites?
(a) Saliva of infected female Anopheles mosquito
(b) Red blood corpuscles of humans suffering from malaria
(c) Spleen of infected humans
(d) Salivary glands of freshly moulted female Anopheles mosquito

(a) Saliva of infected female Anopheles mosquito

The production of interferons in the body indicates the person is suffering from?
(a) Anthrax
(b) Malaria
(c) Measles
(d) Tetanus

How is Cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressive drug produced?
(a) Aspergillus niger
(b) Monascus purpureus
(c) Penicillium notatum
(d) Trichoderma polysporum

(d) Trichoderma polysporum

Which of the following diseases is caused by bacterial infection?
1 Typhoid
2 Elephantiasis
3 Cholera
4 Tuberculosis

(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1, 3 and 4
(d) All of these

Human diseases caused by protozoan parasites are?
1 amoebiasis
2 malaria
3 trypanosomiasis
4 typhoid

(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 1, 3 and 4
(d) All of these

(b) 1, 2 and 3

What could be the cause of a healthy person being diagnosed as unhealthy by a psychiatrist?
(a) the patient was not efficient at his work
(b) the patient was not economically prosperous
(c) the patient shows behavioural and social maladjustment
(d) he does not take interest in sports

What disease is caused by an allergic reaction?
(a) Goitre
(b) Hay fever
(c) Skin cancer
(d) Rheumatic fever

(b) Hay fever

What causes influenza?
(a) virus
(b) bacteria
(c) alga
(d) fungus

(a) virus

Lymph nodes and spleen are home to which type of cancer?
(a) Carcinoma
(b) Sarcoma
(c) Lymphoma
(d) Leukemia

What causes amoebiasis?
(a) Entamoeba histolytica
(b) Taenia solium
(c) Plasmodium vivax
(d) E. coli

(a) Entamoeba histolytica

By the release of what is an inflammatory response, in allergy caused?
(a) antigen
(b) histones
(c) histamines
(d) antibodies

An insect bite may cause inflammation of the affected area. What alarm chemicals trigger this process?
(a) histamine and dopamine
(b) histamine and kinins
(c) interferons and opsonin
(d) interferons and histones

(b) histamine and kinins

Antibodies contain antigen-binding sites between?
(a) two light chains
(b) two heavy chains
(c) one heavy and one light chain
(d) either between two light chains or between one heavy and one light chain depending upon the nature of the antigen

Thymus damage in children may cause?
(a) a reduction in haemoglobin content of blood
(b) a reduction in stem cell production
(c) loss of antibody-mediated immunity
(d) loss of cell-mediated immunity

(d) loss of cell-mediated immunity

At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS?
(a) When the infecting retrovirus enters host cells
(b) When viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase
(c) When HIV replicates rapidly in helper T-lymphocytes and damages a large number of these cells.
(d) Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person.

In the true sense, which of the following is a parasite?
(a) The female Anopheles bites and sucks blood from humans
(b) Human foetus developing inside the uterus draws nourishment from the mother
(c) Head louse living on the human scalp as well as laying eggs on human hair
(d) The cuckoo (koel) lays its eggs in the crow’s nest.

Histamines, the substances that cause inflammation, are produced by which cells of the body?
(a) mast cells
(b) collagen fibres
(c) macrophages
(d) sustentacular cells

(a) mast cells

What diseases would children suffer if they play barefooted in pools of dirty water and floodwater?
(a) leptospirosis and bilharzia
(b) malaria, amoebic dysentery and leptospirosis
(c) bilharzia, infective hepatitis and diarrhoea
(d) Guinea worm infection, elephantiasis and amoebic dysentery

(a) leptospirosis and bilharizia

Where on the antibody molecule are the antigen-binding site present?
(a) on a light chain as well as on a heavy chain.
(b) on the light chain only.
(c) on variable region and the constant region of the light chain.
(d) on a heavy chain only.

(a) on a light chain as well as on a heavy chain.

What antimicrobial drug is suitable to treat both tuberculosis and leprosy?
(a) Isoniazid
(b) R-aminosalicylic acid
(c) Streptomycin
(d) Rifampicin

(d) Rifampicin

Destruction of cancerous cells can easily be done by radiation due?
(a) rapid cell division
(b) lack of nutrition
(c) fast mutation
(d) lack of oxygen

(a) rapid cell division

In what category is short-lived immunity that is passed from mother to foetus across the placenta or through mother’s milk to the infant?
(a) innate non-specific immunity
(b) active immunity
(c) passive immunity
(d) cellular immunity

What does carcinoma refer to?
(a) benign tumours of the connective tissue
(b) malignant tumours of the connective tissue
(c) malignant tumours of the skin or mucous membrane
(d) malignant tumours of the colon

In the cell-mediated immune response, T lymphocytes divide and secrete
(a) antigens
(b) plasmogens
(c) collagens
(d) cytokines

(d) cytokines

Phagocytes
(a) are T and B cells
(b) present antigen on MHC II complexes
(c) digest nonself materials
(d) Both (b) and (c)

What happens when the receptor of a TH cell binds to a pathogen being presented on a macrophage?
(a) activates itself
(b) secretes cytokines
(c) activates B cells
(d) All of the above

(d) All of the above

Transfusing a person with blood plasma proteins from an immunized person or animal can provide protection against certain antigen provides
(a) active immunity
(b) passive immunity
(c) autoimmunity
(d) anti-immunity

(b) passive immunity

Where does the sporogony of malarial parasite occur?
(a) liver of man
(b) RBCs of man
(c) stomach wall of a mosquito
(d) salivary glands of a mosquito

(d) salivary glands of a mosquito

It is suspected that a patient has Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. Could you recommend a diagnostic technique for its detection?
(a) ELISA
(b) MRI
(c) Ultrasound
(d) Widal test

(a) ELISA

Ringworm disease in humans is caused by the pathogen Microsporum, which belongs to the same kingdom of organisms as?
(a) Taenia, a tapeworm
(b) Wuchereria, a filarial worm
(c) Rhizopus, a mould
(d) Ascaris, a roundworm

Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by which of the following factors? Select the correct answer.
I. Lymphocytes become more active
II. Body attacks self cells
III. More antibodies are produced in the body
IV. The ability to differentiate pathogens or foreign molecules from the self cell is lost

(a) I and II
(b) II and IV
(c) III and IV
(d) I and III

(b) II and IV

HIV causes AIDS. Which of the following is not a mode of HIV transmission?
(a) Transfusion of contaminated blood
(b) Sharing the infected needles
(c) Shaking hands with infected persons
(d) Sexual contact with infected persons

The drug ‘Smack’ is derived from the?
(a) latex of Papaver somniferum
(b) leaves of Cannabis sativa
(c) flowers of Dhatura pinata
(d) fruits of Erythroxylum coca

(a) latex of Papaver somniferum

A cell that is infected with a virus produces a substance that protects other cells from further infection. What is this substance?
(a) serotonin
(b) colostrum
(c) interferon
(d) histamine

Transplanting tissues/organs to save certain patients often fails due to the patient’s rejection of these tissues/organs. What type of immune response leads to such rejections?
(a) Auto-immune response
(b) Humoral immune response
(c) Physiological immune response
(d) Cell-mediated immune response

(d) Cell-mediated immune response

In colostrum, the antibodies that protect the newborn from certain diseases are of what type?
(a) IgG type
(b) IgA type
(c) IgD type
(d) IgE type

(b) IgA type

The consumption of tobacco stimulates the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Which component is responsible for this?
(a) nicotine
(b) tannic acid
(c) curaimin
(d) catechine

(a) nicotine

What does antivenom against snake poison contain?
(a) antigens
(b) antigen-antibody complexes
(c) antibodies
(d) enzymes

Among the following statements, what is true about T-lymphocytes in mammals?
(a) These are produced in thyroid
(b) There are three main types – cytotoxic T-cells, helper T-cells and suppressor T-cells
(c) These originate in lymphoid tissues
(d) They scavenge damaged cells and cellular debris

Viral detection is done with ELISA, where
(a) DNA probes are required
(b) Southern blotting is done
(c) Alkaline phosphatase is the key reagent
(d) Catalase is the key reagent

HIV is the major cause of AIDS that principally infects
(a) all lymphocytes
(b) activator B cells
(c) cytotoxic T cells
(d) T4 lymphocytes

(d) T4 lymphocytes

What is the immune system involved in?
(a) destruction of abnormal or mutant cell types that arise within the body
(b) allergic reactions
(c) rejection of organ transplants
(d) All of the preceding

(d) All of the preceding

What is the formation of antibodies within our body called?
(a) active immunity
(b) passive immunity
(c) innate immunity
(d) acquired immunity

(a) active immunity

Where does the production of both B cells and T cells of the immune system take place
(a) spleen
(b) bone marrow
(c) thymus
(d) lymph nodes

(b) bone marrow

What is active immunity?
(a) borrowed from an active disease case
(b) developed in direct response to a disease agent
(c) the product of borrowed antibodies
(d) passive immunity that is activated

(b) developed in direct response to a disease agent

Among the following, which is not a lymphoid tissue?
(a) Spleen
(b) Tonsils
(c) Appendix
(d) Thymus

What is the gland that is large at birth but shrinks with ageing?
(a) Pineal
(b) Pituitary
(c) Thymus
(d) Thyroid

What is Haemozoin?
(a) precursor of haemoglobin
(b) toxin from streptococcus
(c) toxin from Plasmodium species
(d) toxin from Haemophilus species

Which one of the following is not a causal organism for ringworm?
(a) Microsporum
(b) Trichophyton
(c) Epidermophyton
(d) Macrosporum

(d) Macrosporum

An individual with sickle-cell anaemia is?
(a) more prone to malaria
(b) more prone to typhoid
(c) less prone to malaria
(d) less prone to typhoid

Pick the correct statement regarding diseases and immunisation
(a) If due to some reason B-and T-lymphocytes are damaged, the body will not produce antibodies against a pathogen
(b) Injection of dead/inactivated pathogens causes passive immunity
(c) Certain protozoans have been used to mass-produce hepatitis B vaccine.
(d) Injection of snake antivenom against snake bite is an example of active immunisation

(a) If due to some reason B-and T-lymphocytes are damaged, the body will not produce antibodies against a pathogen

What distinguishes the common cold from pneumonia?
(a) Pneumonia is a communicable disease whereas the common cold is a nutritional deficiency disease
(b) Pneumonia can be prevented by a live attenuated bacterial vaccine whereas the common cold has no effective vaccine
(c) Pneumonia is caused by a virus while the common cold is caused by the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae
(d) Pneumonia pathogen infects alveoli whereas the common cold affects the nose and respiratory passage but not the lungs

(d) Pneumonia pathogen infects alveoli whereas the common cold affects the nose and respiratory passage but not the lungs

The human body has a physiological barrier for the entry of microbes. Which of the following acts as this physiological barrier?
(a) Epithelium of the urogenital tract
(b) Tears
(c) Monocytes
(d) Skin

(d) Skin

Which of the following statements about immunity is true?
(a) Preformed antibodies need to be injected to treat the bite by a viper snake
(b) The antibodies against smallpox pathogen are produced by T – lymphocytes
(c) Antibodies are protein molecules, each of which has four light chains
(d) Rejection of a kidney graft is the function of B-lymphocytes

(a) Preformed antibodies need to be injected to treat the bite by a viper snake